pronomenA2
Kvantorer (all, hel, begge, ingen)
[Quantifiers (All, Whole, Both, None)]Quantifiers specify amount, totality, or absence modifying nouns. They inflect for gender and number: 'all/alt/alle' (all), 'hel/helt/hele' (whole), 'begge' (both), and 'ingen/ingenting' (none/nothing).
1. 'All', 'Alt', and 'Alle'
'All' modifies uncountable masculine/feminine nouns, 'alt' modifies uncountable neuter nouns, and 'alle' modifies plural nouns:
Form
all (hankjønn/hunkjønn)(all (masculine/feminine))
Usage
Utellelig masse/abstrakt(Uncountable mass/abstract)
Example (with translation)
Hun drakk all melken. / All hjelp er nyttig.(She drank all the milk. / All help is useful.)
Form
alt (intetkjønn)(alt (neuter singular))
Usage
Utellelig intetkjønn / generelt 'everything'(Uncountable neuter / 'everything')
Example (with translation)
Alt håpet er borte. / Alt er i orden.(All hope is gone. / Everything is fine.)
Form
alle (flertall)(alle (plural count))
Usage
Tellelige substantiv i flertall / 'everyone'(Countable plural / 'everyone')
Example (with translation)
Alle studentene besto prøven.(All the students passed the test.)
| Form | Usage | Example (with translation) |
|---|---|---|
all (hankjønn/hunkjønn)all (masculine/feminine) | Utellelig masse/abstraktUncountable mass/abstract | Hun drakk all melken. / All hjelp er nyttig.She drank all the milk. / All help is useful. |
alt (intetkjønn)alt (neuter singular) | Utellelig intetkjønn / generelt 'everything'Uncountable neuter / 'everything' | Alt håpet er borte. / Alt er i orden.All hope is gone. / Everything is fine. |
alle (flertall)alle (plural count) | Tellelige substantiv i flertall / 'everyone'Countable plural / 'everyone' | Alle studentene besto prøven.All the students passed the test. |
Examples:
Vi har spist all maten.We have eaten all the food.
Alt gikk etter planen.Everything went according to plan.
Alle gjestene kom i tide.All the guests arrived on time.
2. 'Hel', 'Helt', and 'Hele' (Whole / Entire)
'Hel' expresses unbroken completeness of a single unit or duration (from start to finish):
Examples:
Jeg ventet en hel time. (ubestemt hankjønn)I waited a whole hour.
De spiste et helt brød. (ubestemt intetkjønn)They ate a whole loaf of bread.
Hun leste hele boka på en kveld. (bestemt form: hele + bestemt substantiv)She read the whole book in one evening.
Hele verden feiret nyttår.The whole world celebrated New Year.
Han spiste bare ei halv brødskive. / Halve befolkningen stemte ved valget.He ate only half a slice of bread. / Half the population voted in the election.
Difference between 'hver' and 'hele': 'Hver/hvert' precedes indefinite nouns ('hver dag', 'hvert år'). 'Hele' precedes definite nouns ('hele dagen', 'hele året').
3. 'Begge to' vs. 'Begge deler' (and 'none of them' vs. 'neither of the parts')
Norwegian strictly separates concrete entities/persons ('begge to') from alternatives, actions, or uncountable entities ('begge deler'):
Construction
Begge (to) / Ingen av dem(Both (two) / Neither of them)
Usage Context
Om personer og tellelige substantiver i bestemt form(For persons and specific countable definite nouns)
Dialogue Example
— Liker du Tor eller Raul? — Jeg liker begge to. / Jeg liker ingen av dem.(— Do you like Tor or Raul? — I like both of them. / Neither of them.)
Construction
Begge deler / Ingen av delene(Both / Neither (of the things/options))
Usage Context
Med utellelige substantiver, ubestemt form, eller fokus på handlingen(For uncountable nouns, indefinite choices, or action focus)
Dialogue Example
— Drikker du kaffe eller te? — Jeg drikker begge deler. / Ingen av delene.(— Do you drink coffee or tea? — Both. / Neither.)
| Construction | Usage Context | Dialogue Example |
|---|---|---|
Begge (to) / Ingen av demBoth (two) / Neither of them | Om personer og tellelige substantiver i bestemt formFor persons and specific countable definite nouns | — Liker du Tor eller Raul? — Jeg liker begge to. / Jeg liker ingen av dem.— Do you like Tor or Raul? — I like both of them. / Neither of them. |
Begge deler / Ingen av deleneBoth / Neither (of the things/options) | Med utellelige substantiver, ubestemt form, eller fokus på handlingenFor uncountable nouns, indefinite choices, or action focus | — Drikker du kaffe eller te? — Jeg drikker begge deler. / Ingen av delene.— Do you drink coffee or tea? — Both. / Neither. |
Examples:
Kjenner du Anna og Maria? — Ja, jeg kjenner begge to.Do you know Anna and Maria? — Yes, I know both of them.
Vil du ha te eller kaffe? — Takk, jeg drikker begge deler.Would you like tea or coffee? — Thanks, I drink both.
Jeg har to sykler, men ingen av dem fungerer.I have two bicycles, but neither of them works.
Liker du fisk eller kjøtt? — Ingen av delene, jeg er vegetarianer.Do you like fish or meat? — Neither, I am a vegetarian.
With compound verb forms, 'ingen av' is avoided in favor of 'ikke noen av': 'Jeg vil IKKE ha noen av dem'.