GrammarsubstantivGenitiv og eieform
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Genitiv og eieform

[Genitive and Possessive Expressions]

1. S-Genitive (No Apostrophe)

In Norwegian, –s is appended directly to the noun. Unlike English, NEVER use an apostrophe before the –s:

Construction Type
Egennavn (person/sted)(Proper name)
Example (with translation)
Olas bil / Norges hovedstad(Ola's car / Norway's capital)
Construction Type
Bestemt form av substantiv(Definite noun)
Example (with translation)
lærerens bok / barnas leker(the teacher's book / the children's toys)
Construction Type
Ord som slutter på –s, –z, –x(Nouns ending in –s, –z, –x (apostrophe only))
Example (with translation)
Hans' jakke / SAS' flygninger(Hans's jacket / SAS's flights)
When using the s-genitive, the following noun must be in INDEFINITE form: Olas nye bil (NOT: Olas bilen).

2. Prepositional Possessive Phrases

In spoken and modern Norwegian, prepositional phrases are preferred over the s-genitive. The initial noun takes the definite form:

Preposition
til(til (possession))
Usage Area
Personlig eier eller familie(Personal owner / Family)
Example (with translation)
bilen til Ola / broren til Kari(Ola's car / Kari's brother)
Preposition
på(på (part of whole))
Usage Area
Del av en gjenstand, bygning eller kropp(Part of an object, building, or body)
Example (with translation)
taket på huset / fargen på jakka(the roof of the house / the color of the jacket)
Preposition
i(i (geography/place))
Usage Area
Geografi, institusjoner og miljøer(Geography, institutions, environments)
Example (with translation)
hovedstaden i Norge / elevene i klassen(the capital of Norway / the students in the class)
Preposition
av(av (material/part))
Usage Area
Materiale, del av en helhet eller leder for gruppe(Material, portion of a whole, group leader)
Example (with translation)
en kopp av porselen / lederen av komiteen(a porcelain cup / the leader of the committee)
Preposition
for(for (role/purpose))
Usage Area
Rolle, formål eller institusjonell ledelse(Role, purpose, institutional leadership)
Example (with translation)
sjefen for avdelingen / målet for kurset(the manager of the department / the course goal)

3. Conversational 'Sin-Genitive' (Garpegenitiv)

In informal spoken Norwegian, native speakers frequently use 'Owner + sin/si/sitt/sine + Noun':

Examples:
Ola sin bil står parkert der. (= bilen til Ola)Ola's car is parked there.
Mamma si jakke er varm. (= jakka til mamma)Mom's jacket is warm.
Læreren sitt kontor er i andre etasje. (= kontoret til læreren)The teacher's office is on the second floor.