preposisjonerA1
Stedspreposisjoner (i, på, til, hos, fra)
[Prepositions of Place and Direction (i, på, til, hos, fra)]Prepositions of place denote location or direction. The distinction between 'i' (inside countries, cities, closed spaces) and 'på' (islands, mountains, institutions, surfaces) is fundamental in Norwegian.
1. 'i' vs. 'på' with Geographical Names
Preposition
i(i (in))
Rule and Context
Land, de fleste byer og lukkede rom(Countries, most cities, closed spaces)
Examples (with translation)
i Norge, i Oslo, i Bergen, i stua, i butikken(in Norway, in Oslo, in Bergen, in the living room, in the shop)
Preposition
på(på (on / in))
Rule and Context
Øyer, fjell, innlandssteder og åpne flater(Islands, mountains, certain inland towns, surfaces)
Examples (with translation)
på Island, på fjellet, på bordet, på Lillehammer, på Voss(in Iceland, on the mountain, on the table, in Lillehammer, in Voss)
| Preposition | Rule and Context | Examples (with translation) |
|---|---|---|
ii (in) | Land, de fleste byer og lukkede romCountries, most cities, closed spaces | i Norge, i Oslo, i Bergen, i stua, i butikkenin Norway, in Oslo, in Bergen, in the living room, in the shop |
påpå (on / in) | Øyer, fjell, innlandssteder og åpne flaterIslands, mountains, certain inland towns, surfaces | på Island, på fjellet, på bordet, på Lillehammer, på Vossin Iceland, on the mountain, on the table, in Lillehammer, in Voss |
Fixed institutional expressions with 'på': på skolen (at school), på jobben (at work), på kino (at the cinema), på sykehus (in hospital), på restaurant (at a restaurant).
2. 'Til' (Motion) vs. 'Hos' (At Someone's) vs. 'Fra' (Origin)
Preposition
til (steder)(til (to places))
Meaning and Function
Bevegelse mot et sted eller by(Motion towards a place or city)
Example (with translation)
Jeg reiser til Trondheim i morgen.(I am traveling to Trondheim tomorrow.)
Preposition
til (personer)(til (to people))
Meaning and Function
Bevegelse mot en person (besøk / avtale)(Motion towards a person (visit / appointment))
Example (with translation)
Jeg skal gå til tannlegen / til Nina.(I am going to the dentist / to Nina's.)
Preposition
hos (personer)(hos (at someone's))
Meaning and Function
Sted/ro hos en person eller profesjon(Being at someone's home or office)
Example (with translation)
Jeg er hos tannlegen / hos besteforeldrene mine nå.(I am at the dentist's / at my grandparents' right now.)
Preposition
fra (opprinnelse)(fra (from / origin))
Meaning and Function
Utgangspunkt eller opprinnelsesland(Starting point or country of origin)
Example (with translation)
Hvor kommer du fra? — Jeg kommer fra Ukraina.(Where are you from? — I am from Ukraine.)
| Preposition | Meaning and Function | Example (with translation) |
|---|---|---|
til (steder)til (to places) | Bevegelse mot et sted eller byMotion towards a place or city | Jeg reiser til Trondheim i morgen.I am traveling to Trondheim tomorrow. |
til (personer)til (to people) | Bevegelse mot en person (besøk / avtale)Motion towards a person (visit / appointment) | Jeg skal gå til tannlegen / til Nina.I am going to the dentist / to Nina's. |
hos (personer)hos (at someone's) | Sted/ro hos en person eller profesjonBeing at someone's home or office | Jeg er hos tannlegen / hos besteforeldrene mine nå.I am at the dentist's / at my grandparents' right now. |
fra (opprinnelse)fra (from / origin) | Utgangspunkt eller opprinnelseslandStarting point or country of origin | Hvor kommer du fra? — Jeg kommer fra Ukraina.Where are you from? — I am from Ukraine. |
3. Other Spatial Prepositions (Position in Space)
Preposition
over / under(over (above) / under (below))
Meaning
Vertikal posisjon over eller under noe(Vertical position above or below)
Example (with translation)
Katten sover under bordet.(The cat is sleeping under the table.)
Preposition
foran / bak(foran (in front of) / bak (behind))
Meaning
Posisjon foran eller bak noe(Position in front of or behind)
Example (with translation)
Bilen står foran huset.(The car is parked in front of the house.)
Preposition
mellom(between / among)
Meaning
I midten av to eller flere objekter(In the middle of two or more entities)
Example (with translation)
Bilen står mellom de to trærne.(The car is parked between the two trees.)
Preposition
ved siden av(next to / beside)
Meaning
Rett ved siden av et annet objekt(Immediately next to an object)
Example (with translation)
Hun sitter ved siden av meg.(She sits next to me.)
| Preposition | Meaning | Example (with translation) |
|---|---|---|
over / underover (above) / under (below) | Vertikal posisjon over eller under noeVertical position above or below | Katten sover under bordet.The cat is sleeping under the table. |
foran / bakforan (in front of) / bak (behind) | Posisjon foran eller bak noePosition in front of or behind | Bilen står foran huset.The car is parked in front of the house. |
mellombetween / among | I midten av to eller flere objekterIn the middle of two or more entities | Bilen står mellom de to trærne.The car is parked between the two trees. |
ved siden avnext to / beside | Rett ved siden av et annet objektImmediately next to an object | Hun sitter ved siden av meg.She sits next to me. |