uttaleA1
Konsonantlyder: kj-lyd, sj-lyd og retroflekser
[Consonants: kj-sound, sj-sound, and Retroflexes]Norwegian distinguishes between the soft palatal kj-sound (kjøpe, kirke) and the postalveolar sj-sound (sjø, skjorte, ski). Furthermore, 'r' combines with t, d, n, l, s to produce retroflex consonants (barn, kort, norsk).
1. kj-sound vs. sj-sound
Sound
kj-lyd (/ç/)
Spelling Patterns
kj-, k + (i, y, øy), tj-
Word Examples (with translation)
kjøpe, kjole, kirke, kyss, tjue(buy, dress, church, kiss, twenty)
Pronunciation Guide
Tungeryggen opp mot ganen (som tysk 'ich')(Tongue raised to palate (like German 'ich'))
Sound
sj-lyd (/ʃ/)
Spelling Patterns
sj-, skj-, sk + (i, y, øy), -sjon, rs
Word Examples (with translation)
sjø, skjorte, ski, sky, stasjon, norsk(sea, shirt, skis, cloud, station, Norwegian)
Pronunciation Guide
Runde lepper, som vanlig norsk 'sj' / engelsk 'sh'(Rounded lips (like English 'sh'))
| Sound | Spelling Patterns | Word Examples (with translation) | Pronunciation Guide |
|---|---|---|---|
kj-lyd (/ç/) | kj-, k + (i, y, øy), tj- | kjøpe, kjole, kirke, kyss, tjuebuy, dress, church, kiss, twenty | Tungeryggen opp mot ganen (som tysk 'ich')Tongue raised to palate (like German 'ich') |
sj-lyd (/ʃ/) | sj-, skj-, sk + (i, y, øy), -sjon, rs | sjø, skjorte, ski, sky, stasjon, norsksea, shirt, skis, cloud, station, Norwegian | Runde lepper, som vanlig norsk 'sj' / engelsk 'sh'Rounded lips (like English 'sh') |
2. Retroflex Consonant Clusters (r + d, t, n, l, s)
Cluster
r + n
Phonetic Sound
/ɳ/
Word Examples (with translation)
barn, gjerne, jern(children, gladly, iron)
Cluster
r + t
Phonetic Sound
/ʈ/
Word Examples (with translation)
kort, kart, vart(card/short, map, became)
Cluster
r + d
Phonetic Sound
/ɖ/
Word Examples (with translation)
bord, gardin, ferdig(table, curtain, finished)
Cluster
r + l
Phonetic Sound
/ɭ/
Word Examples (with translation)
ærlig, farlig, perle(honest, dangerous, pearl)
Cluster
r + s
Phonetic Sound
/ʂ/
Word Examples (with translation)
norsk, kurs, første(Norwegian, course, first)
| Cluster | Phonetic Sound | Word Examples (with translation) |
|---|---|---|
r + n | /ɳ/ | barn, gjerne, jernchildren, gladly, iron |
r + t | /ʈ/ | kort, kart, vartcard/short, map, became |
r + d | /ɖ/ | bord, gardin, ferdigtable, curtain, finished |
r + l | /ɭ/ | ærlig, farlig, perlehonest, dangerous, pearl |
r + s | /ʂ/ | norsk, kurs, førsteNorwegian, course, first |