GrammaruttaleSpørreord, ordtrykk og intonasjon
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Spørreord, ordtrykk og intonasjon

[Question Words, Word Stress, and Intonation]

1. Silent Letters Overview

Letter
Stum d(Silent d)
Silent Environment
I slutten av ord etter vokal eller etter l/n(Word-final after vowels or l/n)
Word Examples
bord, med, rød, god, kald, vind(table, with, red, good, cold, wind)
Actual Pronunciation
/bu:r/, /me:/, /rø:/, /gu:/, /kal/, /vin/
Letter
Stum t(Silent t)
Silent Environment
I bestemt form av intetkjønnsord (-et)(In definite neuter suffix (-et))
Word Examples
huset, bordet, barnet, eplet(the house, the table, the child, the apple)
Actual Pronunciation
/hu:se/, /bu:re/, /ba:rne/, /eple/
Letter
Stum h(Silent h)
Silent Environment
Foran bokstavene v og j (hv-, hj-)(Before v and j initial clusters)
Word Examples
hva, hvor, hvem, hvis, hjelpe, hjerte(what, where, who, if, help, heart)
Actual Pronunciation
/va/, /vur/, /vem/, /vis/, /jelpe/, /jerte/
Letter
Stum g(Silent g)
Silent Environment
I ordet 'og' og i endingen -ig(In word 'og' and suffix -ig)
Word Examples
og, rolig, hyggelig, ferdig(and, calm, nice, finished)
Actual Pronunciation
/å/, /ro:li/, /hyggeli/, /færdi/

2. Question Words: Pronunciation of 'hv-' (/v/) and Overview

Question words are used to request specific information. In Norwegian, almost all interrogatives begin with 'hv-'. When 'h' and 'v' appear together, 'h' is silent and only /v/ is pronounced. Only one common question word ('når') does not start with hv:

Spelling
hva
Pronunciation
/va/
Meaning
hva (ting, handling)(what)
Example Question
Hva gjør du? / Hva heter du?(What are you doing? / What is your name?)
Typical Answer
Jeg heter Sara.(My name is Sara.)
Spelling
hvem
Pronunciation
/vem/
Meaning
hvem (person)(who, whom)
Example Question
Hvem er det? / Hvem er du?(Who is that? / Who are you?)
Typical Answer
Det er Camilla.(That is Camilla.)
Spelling
hvor
Pronunciation
/vor/ (eller /vur/)
Meaning
hvor (sted, grad)(where)
Example Question
Hvor bor du?(Where do you live?)
Typical Answer
Jeg bor i Oslo.(I live in Oslo.)
Spelling
hvordan
Pronunciation
/vordan/
Meaning
hvordan (måte, tilstand)(how)
Example Question
Hvordan har du det? / Hvordan går det?(How are you? / How's it going?)
Typical Answer
Det går bra!(I'm doing well!)
Spelling
hvorfor
Pronunciation
/vorfor/
Meaning
hvorfor (årsak, grunn)(why)
Example Question
Hvorfor kommer du sent?(Why are you late?)
Typical Answer
Fordi jeg forsov meg i dag.(Because I overslept today.)
Spelling
hvilken / hvilket / hvilke
Pronunciation
/vilken/, /vilket/, /vilke/
Meaning
hvilken (felleskjønn) / hvilket (intetkjønn) / hvilke (flertall)(which (m/f) / which (n) / which (plural))
Example Question
Hvilken dag er det? / Hvilket hus er ditt? / Hvilke dager har du kurs?(What day is it? / Which house is yours? / Which days do you have classes?)
Typical Answer
Det er fredag i dag.(It is Friday today.)
Spelling
når
Pronunciation
/når/
Meaning
når (tidspunkt)(when)
Example Question
Når flyttet du til Tromsø? / Når starter festen?(When did you move to Tromsø? / When does the party start?)
Typical Answer
Festen starter klokka åtte.(The party starts at eight o'clock.)
Remember agreement for 'which': hvilken bil (masculine/feminine), hvilket hus (neuter), hvilke bøker (plural).

3. Word Stress in Simple and Compound Words

In Norwegian, lexical stress follows key standard rules:

Word Type
Piktoriske/norske ord(Native Norwegian words)
Stress Rule
Trykket ligger nesten alltid på FØRSTE stavelse(Stress falls on the FIRST syllable)
Examples
SOM-mer, VIN-ter, SPI-se, KOS-elig(summer, winter, to eat, cosy)
Word Type
Sammensatte ord(Compound words)
Stress Rule
Hovedtrykket ligger ALLTID på det FØRSTE ordleddet(Primary stress strictly falls on the FIRST element)
Examples
FOT-ballbane, SKO-leveske, KA-ffekopp, BIL-nøkkel(football field, school bag, coffee cup, car key)
Word Type
Lånord med suffikser (-sjon, -tet, -ment)(Loanwords (-sjon, -tet, -ment))
Stress Rule
Trykket ligger på SUFFIKSET (siste stavelse)(Stress shifts to the SUFFIX (final syllable))
Examples
sta-SJON, kvali-TET, departe-MENT(station, quality, department)
Word Type
Forstavelser 'be-' og 'for-'(Prefixes 'be-' and 'for-')
Stress Rule
Forstavelser er trykksvake; trykket ligger på ROTEN(Prefixes are unstressed; stress falls on the ROOT)
Examples
be-TA-le, for-STÅ, be-GYN-ne, for-TEL-le(to pay, to understand, to begin, to tell)

4. Question Intonation and Sentence Stress

How we place sentence stress and shape intonation depends directly on whether the question opens with a question word or a verb:

Question Type
Spørsmål med spørreord (hv-spørsmål)(Wh-questions (with question word))
Where is stress placed?
Hovedvekten legges på VERBET!(Primary stress falls on the VERB!)
Examples with Stressed Word
Hva HETER du? Hvor BOR du? Hvor KOMMER du fra?(What is your name? Where do you live? Where are you from?)
Pitch Contour
Vanligvis fallende melodi mot slutten av setningen(Typically falling pitch towards the end)
Question Type
Spørsmål som starter med et verb (ja/nei-spørsmål)(Yes/No questions (opening with a verb))
Where is stress placed?
Hovedvekten legges på det SISTE ORD (eller fokusordet)!(Primary stress falls on the FINAL WORD (or focal content word)!)
Examples with Stressed Word
Snakker du SPANSK? Kommer du fra IRAN? Forstår du NORSK? Vil du ha KAFFE?(Do you speak Spanish? Are you from Iran? Do you understand Norwegian? Would you like coffee?)
Pitch Contour
Karakteristisk stigende melodi mot slutten (særlig i østnorsk)(Characteristic rising pitch towards the end)